Concrete bonding agents are liquids or slurries, from SBR, acrylic and PVA latex to two-part epoxy, that make new mortar, concrete, screed or plaster adhere to an existing substrate, grouped here with primers into 6 classes. Each class bonds in a different way, wet on wet or after drying, so which one fits which repair?
The 6 classes fall into 3 groups: 3 latex bonding agents (SBR, acrylic and PVA), 1 epoxy bonding system and 2 primer classes for coatings, resin floors and self-leveling underlayments. The same product is called a bonding aid in the UK and a bonding bridge in continental Europe. Bonding agents and primers form one of the 15 product families of construction chemicals.
ASTM C881/C881M-20a sorts epoxy systems by 7 types, 3 grades and 6 surface-temperature classes, with a 14-day fresh-to-hardened slant shear minimum of 10.0 MPa (1,500 psi). ASTM C1059/C1059M-24 splits latex agents into interior Type I and wet-service Type II, and EN 1504-4:2004 requires 6 N/mm² (870 psi) shear strength. A cementitious bond coat loses bond after about 15 minutes of waiting.
Standards, codes and regulations are checked against their issuing bodies, product values against the named data sheet and prices against the dated source named in the sentence; see our methodology and fact-checking.
What Is a Concrete Bonding Agent?#
A concrete bonding agent is a liquid or slurry applied to a prepared substrate that wets and fills its surface, reduces its suction and gives fresh mortar, concrete, screed or coating a surface to adhere to. Bonding agents come in 4 forms: 1-part latex dispersions, 2-part epoxy liquids or gels, 3-part epoxy-cement systems and site-mixed cement slurries.
A bonding agent is not a construction adhesive: construction adhesives sold as concrete glue fix finished items to concrete. A bonding agent is not a concrete admixture either, although SBR and acrylic latex also modify mortar when they are gauged into the mix.
Bonding aid, bonding bridge, bond coat: regional names for the same product#
Bonding agent, bonding aid (UK), bonding bridge (EU), bond coat and bonder name the same product function. The Concrete Society uses "bonding aid", and Indian usage adds "bonding agent for plastering".
How Do Concrete Bonding Agents Work?#
Concrete bonding agents work in 2 ways: wet-on-wet agents (SBR, acrylic, epoxy and cement slurries) stay wet or tacky until the fresh material arrives, while re-emulsifiable PVA films dry and re-wet under fresh plaster or mortar.
Wet-on-wet bonding: latex slurries, epoxy and cement slurries#
Wet-on-wet agents bond only while the layer is wet or tacky, because the fresh material has to merge with it before it forms a film or cures. ASTM C1059/C1059M-24 classes the non-redispersible latex agents as Type II.
SBR and acrylic latex form a polymer film in and at the interface of the cement paste, which raises adhesion, tensile and flexural strength and lowers permeability. Epoxy bonding adhesives combine a bisphenol epoxy resin with an amine hardener, wet a dry or damp substrate and cure by amine-epoxide addition. The latex polymer chemistry is set out under acrylic and styrene-acrylic polymers.
Re-emulsifiable films: how PVA bonds after drying#
A PVA film is applied, allowed to dry and re-emulsified by the water in the fresh plaster or mortar. ASTM C1059/C1059M-24 classes such redispersible agents as Type I. PVA films hydrolyze in alkaline moisture, so PVA bonding agents are limited to interior work not subject to immersion or high humidity. EVA and VAE bonding agents re-wet the same way.
Why a dried or cured bonding layer becomes a bond breaker#
A dried acrylic film or a fully cured epoxy layer no longer bonds and acts as a bond breaker under the fresh material.
The 4 failure modes recorded for bonding agents are listed below.
- Bonding layer dried or cured before the fresh material was placed.
- Over-diluted slurry, where extra water weakens the bond coat.
- Type I PVA used in wet or exterior service, where the film re-emulsifies.
- Epoxy film trapping moisture under the repair, with freeze-thaw damage and corrosion at the patch perimeter.
6 Types of Concrete Bonding Agents and Primers in 3 Groups#
The 6 types of concrete bonding agents and primers fall into 3 groups: 3 latex bonding agents (SBR, acrylic, PVA), 1 epoxy bonding system and 2 primer classes for coatings, resin floors and self-leveling underlayments. The table below compares the 3 groups by classes, mechanism and the moment the fresh material goes on.
| Group | Classes | Mechanism | When the fresh material goes on |
|---|---|---|---|
| Latex bonding agents | SBR, acrylic, PVA | polymer film in or on the cement paste; PVA re-emulsifies | wet on wet (SBR, acrylic); after drying (PVA) |
| Epoxy bonding systems | epoxy (epoxy-cement as a variant) | amine-epoxide cure | while tacky |
| Primers | concrete primers, underlayment primers | penetrate and seal; control suction | within the primer's recoat window (product data) |
1. Latex bonding agents (3)#
Latex bonding agents are water-borne polymer dispersions applied neat or gauged with cement into a slurry; this group has 3 classes: SBR latex, acrylic agents and fortifiers, and PVA re-emulsifiable agents.
SBR latex bonding slurries#
SBR latex bonding slurries are styrene-butadiene emulsions gauged with cement into a slurry and placed wet on wet. Their behavior matches ASTM C1059/C1059M-24 Type II (non-redispersible), a behavior rather than a product declaration. SBR resists hydrolysis for interior and exterior work; SBR tanking belongs to cementitious waterproofing.
Acrylic bonding agents and fortifiers#
Acrylic bonding agents and fortifiers are acrylic emulsions used neat as a primer, in a cement slurry or as a mortar admixture. Two makers declare their acrylic products ASTM C1059/C1059M-24 Type II. The fresh material goes on wet on wet, because the dried film acts as a bond breaker.
PVA re-emulsifiable bonding agents#
PVA re-emulsifiable bonding agents are polyvinyl acetate dispersions applied and allowed to dry before plastering. They correspond to ASTM C1059 Type I, and plaster bonding compounds follow ASTM C631-09(2020) for interior gypsum plaster and C932-06(2024) for exterior plaster. Service is interior and dry only; EVA and VAE agents work the same way.
2. Epoxy bonding systems (1)#
Epoxy bonding systems are 2-part epoxy resins with amine hardeners that bond fresh or hardened concrete to hardened concrete; this group has 1 class, with 3-part epoxy-cement as a variant outside ASTM C881.
Epoxy bonding adhesives to ASTM C881 and EN 1504-4#
Epoxy bonding adhesives are 2-part systems, commonly 100 % solids, declared to ASTM C881/C881M-20a Types I to VII and in Europe to EN 1504-4:2004. The fresh concrete goes on while the epoxy is tacky, and the cured film is a vapor barrier. Three-part epoxy-cement is not a C881 system and is not a vapor barrier.
3. Primers for coatings, floors and underlayments (2)#
Primers are low-viscosity liquids that penetrate, seal and control the suction of concrete before a coating, resin floor or underlayment; this group has 2 classes: concrete primers for coatings and resin floors, and underlayment primers.
Concrete primers for coatings and resin floors#
Concrete primers for coatings and resin floors are 2-part epoxy primers, solvent-free or water-borne, or acrylic dispersions. They penetrate and seal profiled concrete, consolidate the surface, reduce outgassing and bond the first coat. The documents named for them are VOC primer categories, not a product standard.
Primers for self-leveling underlayments#
Primers for self-leveling underlayments are 1-part water-borne dispersion concentrates diluted with water according to the substrate. They seal pores and control suction so the underlayment neither loses water nor draws air bubbles from the concrete. No product standard covers this class.
Cementitious scrub coats: bonding without a bonding agent#
A cementitious scrub coat bonds a repair without any bonding agent: a thin coat of the repair mortar itself is scrubbed into a saturated surface-dry substrate and the repair follows immediately.
Adding extra liquid to turn the scrub coat into a slurry can reduce bond, according to ACI RAP-6. A scrub coat has no product standard, so it is a practice rule, not a product class. Mortar classes and their R1 to R4 thresholds sit on concrete repair mortars.
SBR vs Acrylic vs PVA vs Epoxy: How the Bonding Agent Types Compare#
SBR, acrylic, PVA and epoxy bonding agents differ in placement timing, exposure and standard: SBR, acrylic and epoxy take fresh material wet on wet, PVA after drying, and only epoxy carries a load-bearing ASTM C881 type. The table below compares the 4 types and the scrub coat attribute by attribute.
| Attribute | SBR | Acrylic | PVA | Epoxy | Cement scrub coat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placement of fresh material | wet on wet | wet on wet | after drying | while tacky | immediately |
| Exposure | interior and exterior | interior and exterior | interior dry only | structural; vapor-tight film | all |
| US basis | C1059 Type II behavior | C1059/C1059M-24 Type II (product declarations) | C1059 Type I; C631-09(2020), C932-06(2024) | C881/C881M-20a | ACI RAP-6 practice |
| EU basis | none for the class | none for the class | none for the class | EN 1504-4:2004 | none |
| Typical failure | layer dried before placement | film dried before placement | wet or exterior service | cured before placement; trapped moisture | over-wet slurry |
| Coverage basis | per coat, product data on the class page | per coat, product data on the class page | 3.7 to 7.4 m²/L (150 to 300 ft²/gal) per coat, typical product values of 3 makers | per coat, product data on the class page | n/a |
Latex vs epoxy bonding agents#
Latex bonding agents bond cement-based repairs, toppings and renders under ASTM C1059/C1059M-24, while epoxy bonding systems are qualified by type, grade and class under ASTM C881/C881M-20a. Types IV and V are the load-bearing epoxy types: IV for hardened to hardened and V for fresh to hardened concrete.
A cured epoxy film is a vapor barrier, so moisture trapped behind it can cause freeze-thaw damage, and the film can concentrate corrosion at the patch perimeter. The USBR Guide to Concrete Repair (2015) accepts epoxy-bonded replacement concrete 38 to 150 mm (1.5 to 6 in) thick with a C881 Type II, Grade 2, Class B or C system. The resin and hardener chemistry is covered under epoxy resins and hardeners.
Type I vs Type II latex: interior or wet service#
ASTM C1059/C1059M-24 splits latex bonding agents into Type I (redispersible), restricted to interior work not exposed to immersion or high humidity, and Type II (non-redispersible), usable in humid or immersed service.
Which type goes on an exterior slab? Only Type II, because Type I is restricted to interior work without immersion or high humidity. PVA agents correspond to Type I, SBR behaves as Type II, and acrylic agents carry Type II declarations from two makers. A specification names the type and checks the declaration.
Where Are Concrete Bonding Agents Used? Selection by Repair and Substrate#
Concrete bonding agents are used in 6 settings (patch repairs, structural and bridge repairs, bonded toppings and underlayments, resin floors and coatings, renders and stucco on dense concrete, and steel-to-concrete details), and the substrate and exposure decide the class. The table below matches each use to its substrate, classes and governing rule.
| Use | Substrate | Classes | Key rule |
|---|---|---|---|
| concrete repair products | hardened concrete | scrub coat, SBR, acrylic, epoxy | USBR 2015: bonding agents in general not recommended |
| concrete spalling | spalled cover concrete, exposed steel | scrub coat, latex, epoxy | remove unsound concrete (ACI RAP-6) |
| bridges, tunnels and marine structures | structural concrete | epoxy C881 Type V | epoxy-bonded replacement concrete 38 to 150 mm (1.5 to 6 in) (USBR 2015) |
| self-leveling concrete and underlayments | concrete, dense or porous | underlayment primers | dilution by substrate (product data) |
| resin and industrial floor coatings | profiled concrete | epoxy or acrylic primers | moisture limits from the coating maker |
| dry-mix mortars | dense concrete, masonry | PVA (interior), acrylic | C932-06(2024), C631-09(2020) |
Concrete repair and patching#
Patch repairs bond with a scrub coat of the repair mortar, a latex slurry or an epoxy layer. The USBR Guide to Concrete Repair (2015) accepts a bonding agent only for epoxy-bonded replacement concrete or where the mortar maker requires one, so the mortar's data sheet should decide.
Bonded toppings, screeds and overlays#
Bonded toppings and screeds take a latex or epoxy bonding layer placed wet on wet, or a primer where a self-leveling underlayment follows. The topping should go on before the layer dries. Bonded screed thicknesses by screed type are compared under bonded screeds.
Plaster and stucco on dense concrete#
Plaster and stucco on smooth or dense concrete take a PVA or acrylic bonding agent, PVA only for interior dry work. Exterior stucco and renders take a non-redispersible agent, because a PVA film hydrolyzes in alkaline moisture.
A plaster specification names ASTM C932-06(2024) for exterior plastering and ASTM C631-09(2020) for interior gypsum plastering.
Primers under coatings and resin floors#
Resin floors and coatings start with a low-viscosity primer that penetrates and seals the profiled concrete before the first coat. The primer also consolidates the surface and reduces outgassing, which otherwise leaves pinholes in the coating. Substrate moisture limits come from the coating maker and are measured by concrete moisture testing.
Which Standards Govern Concrete Bonding Agents?#
Concrete bonding agents are governed by ASTM C881/C881M-20a for epoxy systems and ASTM C1059/C1059M-24 for latex agents in the US, by EN 1504-4:2004 for structural bonding in Europe, and by ASTM C631 and C932 for plaster bonding compounds.
ASTM C881 types, grades and classes for epoxy systems#
ASTM C881/C881M-20a classifies epoxy bonding systems by 7 types (use and load), 3 grades (viscosity) and 6 classes (hardened concrete surface temperature), and the purchaser names all three plus color (section 5.1). The 7 types are I non-load-bearing hardened to hardened, II non-load-bearing fresh to hardened, III skid-resistant materials and epoxy mortar binder, IV load-bearing hardened to hardened, V load-bearing fresh to hardened, and VI and VII for segmental precast.
Grade 1 allows at most 2.0 Pa·s (2,000 cP), Grade 2 runs from 2.0 to 10 Pa·s (2,000 to 10,000 cP) and Grade 3 is non-sag; gel time is at least 30 minutes. Bond is measured by the ASTM C882 slant shear method: Type I needs at least 7.0 MPa (1,000 psi) at 2 days and 10.0 MPa (1,500 psi) at 14 days hardened to hardened, and Types II and V need at least 10.0 MPa (1,500 psi) at 14 days fresh to hardened. Every requirement row of ASTM C881 is tabulated under ASTM C881.
ASTM C1059 Type I and Type II for latex agents#
ASTM C1059/C1059M-24 covers latex agents for bonding fresh to hardened concrete in 2 types defined by redispersibility. Type I is redispersible and restricted to interior work not subject to immersion or high humidity; Type II is non-redispersible and serves humid or immersed exposure.
The ASTM store page for C1059/C1059M-24 was updated 2024-10-18. ASTM C1042, the former latex slant shear method, was withdrawn in 2008 with no replacement.
EN 1504-4 structural bonding and CE marking#
EN 1504-4:2004 is the harmonised European standard for structural bonding agents, and its Table 3.2 sets the requirements for bonding fresh mortar or concrete to existing concrete. The 6 Table 3.2 requirements are listed below.
- Compressive strength at least 30 N/mm² (4,350 psi), tested to EN 12190.
- Shear strength at least 6 N/mm² (870 psi), tested by EN 12615 slant shear.
- Modulus of elasticity in flexure and in compression at least 2,000 N/mm² (290,000 psi).
- Total shrinkage at most 0.1 %.
- Coefficient of thermal expansion at most 100 × 10⁻⁶ per K.
- Adhesion with fracture in the concrete.
EN 1504-4:2004 was published 2004-11-16 and is harmonised under Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 (date of availability 2005-09-01, end of coexistence 2009-01-01). Regulation (EU) 2024/3110 applies from 2026-01-08, and standards cited under 305/2011 keep applying until a product family moves under a 2024/3110 implementing act. The 10 parts of EN 1504 are mapped under EN 1504.
Plaster bonding compounds: ASTM C631 and C932#
Plaster bonding compounds have their own ASTM standards: C932-06(2024) for exterior plastering and C631-09(2020) for interior gypsum plastering, not C1059. ASTM C932 covers re-emulsification, film, freeze-thaw stability and tensile bond.
Slant shear and pull-off tests for bond strength#
Bond strength is qualified by slant shear in the lab and checked by pull-off on site, and the two results are not comparable. Slant shear follows the ASTM C882 method in the US and EN 12615:1999 in Europe; BS EN 12615 supersedes BS 6319-4:1984 in the UK.
Pull-off by ASTM C1583/C1583M-25 checks the finished bond on site; the standard sets no pass value and reports the failure mode, so the acceptance value comes from the specification. Test set-up and failure modes are explained under pull-off adhesion testing.
Surface Preparation, Temperature and Placement Timing for Bonding Agents#
A bonding agent works only on a sound, laitance-free and open-textured substrate, within its temperature range, and with the fresh material placed before the bonding layer dries or cures.
Substrate preparation: profile, laitance and moisture#
Surface preparation removes laitance and unsound concrete and opens the texture by abrasive blasting or mechanical means.
Moisture rules differ by bonding method. ACI RAP-6 asks for a saturated surface-dry (SSD) substrate under a cementitious scrub coat but does not recommend an SSD surface under a polymer bonding agent, where the maker's instructions govern. Epoxy bonding agents go on a dry or damp substrate, never a wet and glistening one. RAP-6 cleans with low-pressure water at 20.7 MPa (3,000 psi) or more and removes bruised concrete with high-pressure water at 34.5 MPa (5,000 psi) or more or by abrasive blasting; the resulting profiles are graded under concrete surface profile.
Minimum application temperatures by class#
ASTM C881 sets epoxy classes by the hardened concrete surface temperature: Class A below 4 °C (40 °F), Class B 4 to 15 °C (40 to 60 °F) and Class C above 15 °C (60 °F). Classes D, E and F apply only to the segmental Types VI and VII. The class follows the concrete surface, not the air temperature. Latex bonding agents carry no standard temperature class; manufacturer data of 3 makers sets a minimum air temperature of 7 to 10 °C (44 to 50 °F).
How long fresh material can wait after the bonding layer#
Fresh material goes onto a cementitious bond coat within about 15 minutes: a 2014 field and laboratory study by Riding for the Mid-America Transportation Center (report MATC-KU 166) found bond loss beyond that wait.
The same study found no significant effect of the wait for epoxy and acrylic bonding agents, provided the fresh material went on before the agent set. PVA bonding agents lost field bond over time. For epoxy layers, the window ends when the film is no longer tacky, and the product data sheet gives that contact time by temperature.
VOC Limits and Safety Rules for Bonding Agents and Primers#
Neither SCAQMD Rule 1113 nor the EPA AIM rule has a bonding-agent category, while primers fall under primer limits such as 100 g/L (0.83 lb/gal) in Rule 1113 and 350 g/L (2.92 lb/gal) under EPA AIM.
VOC limits by jurisdiction#
SCAQMD Rule 1113, as amended 2016-02-05, lists Primers, Sealers, and Undercoaters at 100 g/L (0.83 lb/gal) and has no bonding-agent category. The table below compares the relevant categories in 3 rule sets, in g/L (lb/gal).
| Category | SCAQMD Rule 1113 (amended 2016-02-05) | EPA AIM (40 CFR 59 subpart D) | EU 2004/42/EC Phase II (since 2010-01-01) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bonding agents | no category | no category | not stated |
| Primers, Sealers, and Undercoaters | 100 (0.83) | primers and undercoaters 350 (2.92); quick-dry 450 (3.76) | (g) WB 30 (0.25) / SB 350 (2.92); (h) binding primers WB 30 (0.25) / SB 750 (6.26) |
| Floor coatings (primer in a floor system) | 50 (0.42) | 400 (3.34) | (j) two-pack reactive WB 140 (1.17) / SB 500 (4.17) |
| Bond breakers (opposite function) | 350 (2.92) | 600 (5.01) | not stated |
Bond breakers, the opposite function, carry their own limits. EU Directive 2004/42/EC covers primers and two-pack floor coatings but excludes adhesives, and the EPA AIM rule sets no federal VOC limit for adhesives. Every category is listed under VOC limits for construction chemicals.
Epoxy, amine hardener, latex and cement hazards#
Liquid epoxy resin (CAS 25068-38-6) carries Harmonised CLP Annex VI (index 603-074-00-8): H315, H317, H319, H411. Neither the resin nor BADGE is listed under California Proposition 65 as such, while bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin are listed (OEHHA list dated 2026-07-31); REACH Annex XVII has no epoxy-specific restriction.
Amine hardener constituents carry their own harmonised entries: isophorone diamine (IPDA, index 612-067-00-9) H302, H314, H318, H317 and triethylenetetramine (TETA, index 612-059-00-5) H312, H314, H317, H412; for formulated hardeners, see the product SDS. SBR (CAS 9003-55-8) and PVA (CAS 9003-20-7) dispersions: no harmonised classification captured; see supplier SDS. Cement in slurries and scrub coats carries the portland cement line "No Annex VI entry; ECHA C&L notified classification: H315, H317, H318, H335"; see the product SDS. REACH Annex XVII entry 47 limits soluble Cr(VI) to 2 mg/kg (0.0002 %) of the total dry weight of the cement when hydrated.
Abrasive blasting and dry mixing release respirable crystalline silica, regulated in US construction by OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1153 (PEL 50 µg/m³ and action level 25 µg/m³, 8-h TWA, effective 2016-06-23). Polyurethane primers with 0.1 % by weight or more diisocyanates fall under REACH Annex XVII entry 74: a label statement since 2022-02-24 and training since 2023-08-24, renewed at least every 5 years; polyurethane resins as a class have no Annex VI entry, see the product SDS. Entry 74 does not apply to epoxy-amine systems, and the training and exposure rules are set out under diisocyanates rules.
Complete List of Concrete Bonding Agents and Primers: All 6 Classes#
The complete list below gives all 6 bonding agent and primer classes with their chemistry, US and European standards, placement rule, typical use and applicator need.
| Class | Chemistry | US basis | EU basis | Placement | Typical use | Applicator |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBR latex bonding agents | styrene-butadiene emulsion with cement | C1059/C1059M-24 Type II behavior | none for the class | wet on wet | patch repairs, screeds, interior and exterior | depends |
| acrylic bonding agents and fortifiers | acrylic emulsion | C1059/C1059M-24 Type II (product declarations) | none for the class | wet on wet | repairs, toppings, renders | depends |
| PVA bonding agents for plaster and stucco | polyvinyl acetate dispersion | C1059 Type I; C631-09(2020); C932-06(2024) | none for the class | after drying | interior plaster on dense concrete | depends |
| epoxy bonding agents and structural adhesives | 2-part epoxy, typically 100 % solids | C881/C881M-20a Types I to VII | EN 1504-4:2004 | while tacky | structural old-to-new concrete, bridges | yes (structural) |
| concrete primers for coatings and resin floors | 2-part epoxy, acrylic dispersion | SCAQMD 1113 Primers category (VOC only) | 2004/42/EC (g), (h), (j) (VOC only) | recoat window | resin floors, coatings | depends |
| primers for self-leveling underlayments | 1-part dispersion concentrate | no product standard | no product standard | SLU window | under SLUs and screeds | depends |
Cementitious scrub coats (ACI RAP-6 practice) and 3-part epoxy-cement are variants, not counted as classes.
This page gives no price range for bonding agents or primers. A quote depends on the class and standard named, the kit or pack size, the coverage per coat on the actual substrate profile, and whether the price covers the material only or an installed repair or floor scope.
Which Bonding Agent Is Best for Old and New Concrete?#
No bonding agent is best for every old-to-new concrete joint: a load-bearing joint takes an ASTM C881 Type V epoxy placed while tacky, and a non-structural patch takes a scrub coat or a Type II latex slurry. The specification should name the standard and type, not a brand, and the C881 class should match the concrete surface temperature.
Is a bonding agent needed for every repair?#
No: the USBR Guide to Concrete Repair (2015) does not recommend bonding agents in general, and ACI RAP-6 bonds patches with a scrub coat of the repair mortar. Active leaks are a different job: fast-setting leak plugs are covered under hydraulic cement.
Does a bonding agent bond concrete to steel?#
Yes for epoxy and epoxy-cement bonding agents, which list steel among their substrates; latex bonding agents do not. Latex agents list concrete, masonry, cement plaster and stucco.
Can a bonding agent be mixed into the repair mortar?#
Yes for SBR and acrylic latex, which are also used as mortar modifiers gauged into the mix. The gauging rate comes from the product data on each class page. Latex used as a concrete admixture is covered on concreteadditives.net.
Is concrete glue the same as a bonding agent?#
No: construction adhesives sold as concrete glue bond finished items to concrete, while a bonding agent bonds fresh cement-based material to hardened concrete. Anchor rods in drilled holes are set with chemical anchors and anchoring adhesives, and epoxy bonding agents serve the structural old-to-new joint.
How is a bonding agent checked on site?#
Site checks are pull-off tests, hammer or chain-drag sounding and a submittal check of the declared C881 type-grade-class or C1059 type. The 3 checks are listed below.
- Pull-off by ASTM C1583/C1583M-25, with the failure mode recorded.
- Hammer or chain-drag sounding for hollow, debonded areas.
- Submittal check of the declared ASTM C881 type, grade and class or the ASTM C1059 type against the specification.
How do you check a product's ASTM C1059 type claim?#
Read the data sheet for a declared C1059/C1059M-24 Type I or Type II; Type I is for interior dry work only. A claim of both types is read against the intended exposure.